不同特征参数纳秒电压脉冲作用下油浸纸的击穿特性

樊冉阳; 秦锋; 陆均颖; 李斯盟; 李继胜

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202537.250224

不同特征参数纳秒电压脉冲作用下油浸纸的击穿特性

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202537.250224

樊冉阳^{1, 2,},
秦锋³,
陆均颖¹,
李斯盟^1, ,,
李继胜²

1.
西安交通大学电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室，西安 710049
2.
陕西师范大学物理学与信息技术学院，西安 710119
3.
西北核技术研究所，强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应全国重点实验室，西安 710024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(12305306)

详细信息

作者简介:
樊冉阳，749203230@qq.com

通讯作者:
李斯盟，lisimeng@xjtu.edu.cn。

中图分类号: TM406
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-19
- 修回日期: 2025-09-12
- 录用日期: 2025-09-12
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-23
- 刊出日期: 2025-10-15

Breakdown characteristics of oil-impregnated paper with different parameters of high-voltage pulse

Fan Ranyang^{1, 2
,},
Qin Feng³,
Lu Junying¹,
Li Simeng^{1
, ,},
Li Jisheng²

1.
State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
2.
School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
3.
National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China

摘要

摘要: 配电变压器在高空电磁脉冲（high-altitude electromagnetic pulse，HEMP）的传导环境下会受到纳秒电应力的入侵，易造成绕组引线间的绝缘失效或损伤。为此，本文以变压器绕组模型为基础，研究以不同半高宽和上升沿的纳秒脉冲电压对油浸纸的伏秒特性、击穿概率、脉冲电压幅值与累积耐受次数间的关系（即U-N特性），并采用Weibull分布函数对数据结果进行拟合。统计试验结果发现不同电压参数对伏秒特性和击穿概率的影响较为明显，在同一击穿概率下，所需要的击穿电压随着半高宽的增加而降低，随着上升沿的增加而增加。观察试验后的波形图得出：油浸纸波头击穿概率随半高宽的增加而降低，随着上升沿的增加而增加，从而导致击穿概率与伏秒特性随之变化，而U-N特性的改变受电压幅值大小的影响较大，电压参数改变的影响较小。
- 配电变压器 /
- 纳秒脉冲 /
- 半高宽和上升沿 /
- Weibull分布函数 /
- 击穿特性
Abstract: Background
Distribution transformers in the high altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) conduction environment are subjected to nanosecond electrical stress, which can easily cause insulation failure or damage between the winding leads.
Purpose
This paper takes the transformer winding model as the basis to study the relationship between the volt-second characteristics of oil-immersed paper, breakdown probability, pulse voltage amplitude, and cumulative number of withstand times with different half-height widths and rising edge of the nanosecond voltage pulses (U-N characteristics) .
Methods
Modify the circuit components to alter the output voltage’s half-width and rise time, thereby investigating the impact of these changes on the breakdown characteristics of oil-immersed paper. Apply the Weibull distribution function to fit and analyze the resulting data.
Result
When the fixed rising edge is 20 ns, the breakdown voltage decreases as the half-height width increases; when the fixed half-height width is 500 ns, the breakdown voltage increases as the rising edge increases.
Conclusions
The effects of different voltage parameters on the volt-second characteristics and breakdown probability are more obvious, and it is found that the probability of breakdown of oil immersed paper wave head decreases with the increase of full width at half maximum, and increases with the increase of rising edge, resulting in changes in breakdown probability and volt-second characteristics. The change in U-N characteristics is more affected by the magnitude of voltage amplitude, and less affected by changes in voltage characteristic parameters.
- distribution transformers /
- nanosecond pulses /
- half-height width and rising edge /
- Weibull distribution function /
- breakdown characteristics

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图 1 实验电路

Figure 1. Experimental circuit

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图 2 脉冲源输出归一化电压波形

Figure 2. Normalized voltage waveform output from pulse source

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图 3 实际电路接线图

Figure 3. Diagram of actual circuit wiring

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图 4 油杯电极结构模型

Figure 4. Oil cup electrode

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图 5 击穿电压与场强的概率分布

Figure 5. Breakdown voltage and breakdown Field Strength

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图 6 拟合参数变化趋势

Figure 6. Changing trend in fitting parameter

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图 7 电荷分布示意图

Figure 7. Schematic of charge distribution

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图 8 伏秒特性

Figure 8. Voltage-time characteristics

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图 9 U-N特性

Figure 9. U-N characteristics

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表 1 波头击穿占比

Table 1. Percentage of the breakdown at wave head

rising edge/ns	full width at half maximum/ns	percentage/%
20	100	80.28
20	300	76.05
20	500	72.3
20	700	69.01
20	900	67.6
5	500	69.01
10	500	70.42
50	500	73.23
100	500	76.05

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表 2 U-N特性拟合数据

Table 2. Fitting parameters for U-N characteristics

rising edge/ns	full width at half maximum/ns	K	A	U₀	U₀ probability of penetration/%
20	100	18.59	0.02	16.66	3.9
20	300	16.48	0.02	14.78	3.9
20	500	16.17	0.025	13.99	3.8
20	700	14.51	0.024	13.5	4
20	900	13.7	0.027	12.89	4.3
5	500	13.4	0.031	19.6	3.5
10	500	15.7	0.03	16.75	4.3
50	500	17.9	0.022	12.57	3.2
100	500	19.33	0.019	11.31	4.4

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