Based on loofah-derived NiCo2O4/C composites for high-performance microwave absorption
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摘要: 日益增长的电磁辐射对电子设备、人体健康、环境等造成了严重的危害。从生物质衍生的碳基材料，由于高孔隙率、低密度、介电损耗强、来源广泛、成本低廉等优点被认为具有极强的电磁吸收潜力。基于此，本研究以丝瓜作为碳前驱体，引入NiCo2O4磁性粒子，制备了NiCo2O4/C电磁波吸收材料（NCO）。NiCo2O4粒子的引入，不仅增强了复合材料的磁损耗性能，还调节了介电性能，优化了阻抗匹配。由于独特的网状结构以及界面极化、电导损耗、磁损耗等损耗机制的协同作用，NiCo2O4/C复合材料获得了良好的电磁波吸收特性，其最强反射损耗为−47.46 dB，最宽吸收频带为5.68 GHz（12−17.68 GHz），几乎覆盖整个Ku波段。此外，本研究还通过雷达散射截面面积（Radar scattering cross section, RCS）仿真，证明了NCO-2复合材料具有一定的实际应用价值。这项工作为开发绿色可持续的高性能生物质衍生碳基复合材料提供了理论和实验基础。
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关键词:
- 生物质材料 /
- NiCo2O4磁性粒子 /
- 介电损耗 /
- 磁损耗 /
- 电磁波吸收
Abstract:Background The increasing electromagnetic radiation poses a serious hazard to electronic devices, human health, and the environment. Carbon-based materials derived from biomass are considered to have excellent electromagnetic absorption potential due to their high porosity, low density, strong dielectric loss, wide range of sources and low cost.Purpose This study aims to analyze the electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics of biomass-derived carbon-based materials.Methods This study is based on hydrothermal and carbonization processes, using loofah as the carbon precursor, and introducing NiCo2O4 magnetic particles to prepare NiCo2O4/C (NCO) electromagnetic wave absorbing material, with its actual wave-absorbing performance verified through COMSOL simulation software.Results The introduction of NiCo2O4 particles not only enhanced the magnetic loss properties of the composites, but also regulated the dielectric properties and optimized the impedance matching. Due to the unique mesh structure and the synergistic effect of interfacial polarization, conductive loss, magnetic loss and other loss mechanisms, the NiCo2O4/C composites obtain good electromagnetic wave absorption properties, with the strongest reflection loss of −47.46 dB, and the widest absorption band of 5.68 GHz (12−17.68 GHz), which covers almost the whole Ku-band. In addition, the study also demonstrated that NCO-2 composites have some practical applications through RCS simulations.Conclusions The synergistic effect of dielectric and magnetic properties can significantly modulate the dielectric properties of composites, optimize impedance matching, and enhance loss mechanisms, thereby achieving excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance. The work provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of green and sustainable high-performance biomass-derived carbon-based composites. -
图 4 不同厚度下的二维RL曲线对应的NCO-2的理论匹配厚度
Figure 4. 2D RL curves at different thicknesses corresponding to the theoretical matching thickness of NCO-2
图 8 NCO样品的衰减常数和阻抗匹配图
Figure 8. Attenuation constant and impedance matching plots of NCO samples
表 1 NCO-2 复合材料的微波吸收特性与近期文献报道的代表性生物质衍生 EMW吸收材料的微波吸收特性的比较。
Table 1. Comparison of microwave absorption properties of NCO-2 composites with those of representative biomass-derived EMW absorbing materials recently reported in the literature
EMW
absorption materialsEAB
(GHz)RLmin
(dB)Tickness
(mm)Ratio
(wt%)References MoS2@C 3.7(8.5-12.2) −45.8 2.63 20% [8] BCN 4.16(13.84-18) −54.24 1.4 45% [12] PCF 5.52(12.48-18) −46.95 1.72 10% [13] NiCo2S4/C 5.26(9.22-14.48) −64.74 2.05 50% [14] MDBC 5.52(11.68-17.2) −47.06 1.8 30% [15] NCO-2 5.68(12-17.68) −47.46 2.0 35% This study 
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