Study on characteristics of in-orbit SRAM single event upsets and their correlation with the space environment
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摘要: 空间辐射环境对航天电子器件的可靠性影响显著，其中单粒子翻转（Single Event Upset, SEU）是最具代表性的瞬态辐射效应之一。基于在轨静态随机存取存储器（SRAM）SEU监测数据，系统分析了SEU与空间环境参数的相关性。结果表明，97.5%的SEU事件集中发生在南大西洋异常区（SAA），并在磁壳层L≈1.24～1.25处出现峰值，其空间分布与≥10 MeV质子通量增强区高度一致。≥10 MeV质子通量与在轨软错误率（SER）呈显著幂律正相关（R≈0.73），表明高能质子是驱动SEU的主要因素。基于地面质子辐照试验截面和在轨能谱估算的理论SER与观测值在1个数量级内一致，但整体偏低，需扩展能谱范围以提高预测精度。在轨期间经历的3次小型太阳质子事件均未触发SEU，而地磁暴期间Dst指数下降伴随SER显著降低，表明地磁暴引发SAA区域质子通量衰减使得SEU发生频率降低。研究结果揭示了在轨SRAM器件SEU的空间分布规律及其驱动机理，为辐射效应建模、抗辐射设计和任务可靠性评估提供参考。Abstract:
Background The space radiation environment poses a critical threat to spacecraft electronics, with single-event upset (SEU) being one of the most representative transient radiation effects. Understanding the spatial distribution and driving mechanisms of SEUs is essential for improving radiation-hardened design and mission reliability.Purpose This study aims to systematically investigate the relationship between on-orbit SEUs and space environment parameters, and to quantify the contribution of high-energy protons to SEU occurrence.Methods On-orbit SEU monitoring data from static random-access memory (SRAM) devices were analyzed in conjunction with particle flux measurements, geomagnetic parameters, and proton energy spectra. The spatial distribution of SEUs was mapped in L-shell coordinates, and statistical correlation analysis was performed between the flux of protons at or above 10 MeV and on-orbit soft error rate (SER). Theoretical SER was calculated using ground-based proton irradiation cross sections and compared with observed values.Results A total of 97.5% of SEU events were concentrated within the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), with a peak at L ≈ 1.24−1.25, coinciding with enhanced the flux of protons at or above 10 MeV regions. A significant power-law correlation (R ≈ 0.73) was found between the flux of protons at or above 10 MeV and SER, confirming high-energy protons as the dominant driver of SEUs. The calculated SER agreed with observations within one order of magnitude but was systematically lower, indicating the need for extending the spectral range to improve prediction accuracy. No SEUs were detected during three minor solar proton events, while geomagnetic storms caused significant SER decreases due to proton flux depletion in the SAA.Conclusions This study systematically elucidates the spatial distribution characteristics and primary driving mechanisms of on-orbit SRAM SEUs, demonstrating that high-energy proton flux is the dominant contributor to SEU occurrence. These findings advance the understanding of space radiation effects and provide essential theoretical and experimental support for radiation effect modeling, radiation-hardened design, and mission reliability assessment. -
图 1 (a)轨道≥10 MeV平均质子通量(包含异常值)；(b) 2023年1月3日日平均≥10 MeV质子通量(异常值)；(c)轨道≥10 MeV平均质子通量(剔除异常值)；(d) SEU地理分布
Figure 1. (a) Orbit-averaged ≥10 MeV proton flux (including outliers), (b) daily-averaged ≥10 MeV proton flux on January 3, 2023 (outliers), (c) orbit-averaged ≥10 MeV proton flux (outliers removed), (d) geographic distribution of single-event upsets
图 2 (a)不同L位置的质子通量(平均值)；(b)不同L位置的质子通量(中位值)；(c)不同L位置的SEU数量；(d)不同L位置的在轨SER
Figure 2. (a) Proton flux (average) at different L-shell values; (b) proton flux (median) at different L-shell values; (c) number of single event upsets at different L-shell values; (d) SER at different L-shell values
图 4 (a)不同磁壳层L位置质子通量(平均值)与在轨SER的相关性；(b)不同磁壳层L位置质子通量(中位值)与在轨SER的相关性
Figure 4. (a) Correlation between average proton flux and SER at different L-shell values; (b) Correlation between median proton flux and SER at different L-shell values
图 5 2023-02-25日太阳质子事件期间SRAM观测到的质子通量和SEU发生的经度和纬度位置以及对应的SER值
Figure 5. Proton flux, SEU locations (longitude and latitude), and corresponding SER values observed by the CZ-4C platform during the solar proton event on February 25, 2023
图 6 地磁指数Dst与在轨错误率的散点分布图（红色曲线为对应Dst指数的在轨SER的平均值，误差棒为标准差）
Figure 6. Scatter plot of the Dst index versus SER (The red curve represents the average SER corresponding to each Dst index, with error bars indicating the standard deviation.)
表 1 在轨期间(SRAM开机)经历的太阳质子事件
Table 1. Solar proton events encountered during on-orbit operation (with SRAM powered on)
No. start time (UT) maximum time (UT) proton flux/(pfu @ ＞10 MeV) 1 2022-08-27 11:55 2022-08-27 12:20 27 2 2023-02-25 21:10 2023-02-26 04:40 58 3 2023-03-13 07:35 2023-03-15 04:25 22 
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