Coupling effect of high-power microwave on space solar arrays
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摘要: 空间太阳电池阵作为航天器的重要能源组成部分，在未来对抗中极易受到以高功率微波为代表的外来强电磁脉冲侵袭。为研究空间太阳电池阵的高功率微波耦合效应，以典型太阳电池阵结构和布局作为参考，搭建了高功率微波辐照作用下的太阳电池阵样品三维模型，研究了不同激励源参数条件（频率、极化方向、入射角度等）下的太阳电池阵耦合效应规律。结果表明：在2～18 GHz频率范围内，垂直极化的S波段微波辐照最容易对太阳电池阵造成诱发放电损伤，电池串间隙三结合部感应场强远高于互连片位置间隙；在微波辐照作用下太阳电池样品会感应出极强的瞬态电场，垂直极化情况下，感应场主要集中分布在电池串间隙、汇流条附近、电池片边缘；电池三结合部感应电场稳定峰值随微波入射角度的增大而减小，随微波功率密度的增大而增大；微波上升下降沿对感应电场值无明显影响；太阳电池阵串间隙周围空间的电场由间隙中心向外侧逐渐减小。该研究将为空间太阳电池阵的电磁防护设计提供参考。Abstract:
Background Space solar arrays, as a crucial part of satellite power systems, are essential for maintaining normal satellite operation. Their large surface area and complex insulation structure make them highly vulnerable to strong external electromagnetic fields. High-power microwaves (HPM), with their wide bandwidth, high power, and rapid action, can readily damage such structures. Therefore, investigating the HPM coupling effects on space solar arrays is of significant importance.Purpose This study investigates the electric field coupling of space solar cell array samples under high-power microwave exposure.Methods Using a representative solar cell array structure and layout as a reference, this study constructs a three-dimensional model under high-power microwave irradiation and examines the coupling behavior of the array under varying excitation source parameters, including frequency, polarization direction, incidence angle and so on.Results （1）Within the frequency range of 2–18 GHz, vertically polarized S-band microwave irradiation is most likely to induce discharge damage to the solar cell array, with the induced electric field at the triple junction in cell string gaps being much higher than that at interconnect gaps. (2) Under microwave irradiation, the solar cell samples exhibit intense transient electric fields; in the case of vertical polarization, the induced field is mainly concentrated in the cell string gaps, near the busbars, and along the cell edges. (3) The steady peak of the induced electric field at the triple junction decreases with increasing microwave incidence angle and increases with higher microwave power density. (4) The rise and fall times of the microwave pulse have no significant effect on the induced electric field magnitude. (5) The electric field in the space around the cell string gap gradually decreases from the gap center toward the outer region.Conclusions The findings of this study provide valuable references for the electromagnetic protection design of space solar cell arrays. -
图 2 高功率微波的时域波形及频谱特征
Figure 2. Time domain waveform and spectral characteristics of high-power microwave
图 4 放置有场强监测点的三结合部
Figure 4. Triple junction with field strength monitoring points placed
图 5 不同极化方式和不同频率的高功率微波辐照下太阳电池阵的耦合响应规律
Figure 5. Coupling effects of solar array under high-power microwave irradiation with different polarization modes and frequencies
图 6 电池串间隙及互连片区域三结合部的感应电场波形
Figure 6. Induced electric field waveform at the triple junction of gap area and interconnector area
图 7 整个太阳电池阵列样品的场分布图
Figure 7. Electric field distribution of the entire solar cell array sample
图 8 太阳电池阵列敏感位置的电场分布
Figure 8. Electric field characterization at radiation-sensitive positions of solar arrays
图 9 不同入射角下三结合部的感应电场波形
Figure 9. Induced electric field waveforms at triple junctions under different incident angles
图 10 入射角度对感应场强稳定峰值的影响
Figure 10. Effect of incident angle on stable peak value of induced field strength
图 11 不同功率密度下三结合部的感应电场波形
Figure 11. Induced electric field at triple junctions under different power densities
图 12 功率密度对感应场强稳定峰值的影响
Figure 12. Effect of power density on stable peak value of induced field strength
图 13 不同上升下降沿时间下三结合部的感应电场波形
Figure 13. Induced electric field at triple junctions under different rise/fall times
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