Study on amplitude consistency control methods for a 2.45 GHz magnetron array phase-locked system
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摘要: 为满足磁控管在大规模阵列化应用中对工作频率可控性及输出一致性的需求，本文结合注入锁定与互耦锁相两种锁相机制的技术优势，提出了一种基于注入锁定的互耦磁控管阵列幅值一致性调控方法。阵列中的五个磁控管通过定向耦合器与同轴线构成级联互耦结构，仅对位于阵列中心的磁控管注入外部信号，利用磁控管之间的互耦路径实现对整个阵列工作频率的牵引与控制。通过高功率实验，对磁控管自由振荡、仅互耦以及外部注入频率分别为2.466 GHz、2.465 GHz和2.464 GHz的五种情况下输出信号进行系统采集与分析。实验结果表明，在互耦锁相状态下引入外部注入信号，会改变级联磁控管阵列的整体频率特性，从而影响阵列输出信号的幅值分布；通过调节外部注入信号的频率和功率，可进一步实现对阵列磁控管输出信号幅值的有效调控。利用输出信号功率谱密度峰值的样本方差对不同情况下输出幅值的离散程度进行定量表征，结果显示在注入功率为100 W的条件下，阵列的功率谱密度峰值的方差由1.868降低至0.446，输出信号幅值一致性得到显著提升。该方法具备良好的扩展性与工程应用潜力，适用于大规模阵列化条件下的相干功率合成和相位扫描等应用场景。
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关键词:
- 注入锁定 /
- S波段互耦磁控管阵列 /
- 幅值一致性 /
- 频率特性 /
- 高功率微波
Abstract:Background Owing to their simple configuration, stable operating behavior, and high electronic efficiency, magnetrons have been extensively employed in high-power microwave applications. Nevertheless, the output capability of a single microwave source is inherently constrained, making it difficult to satisfy the increasing demands of high-power applications. Magnetron array configurations offer an effective approach for enhancing the peak power of microwave systems.Purpose To address the demand for frequency controllability and output consistency in large-scale magnetron arrays, this work integrates the advantages of injection locking and mutual coupling locking and proposes an injection-locking-based amplitude consistency control scheme for coupled magnetron arrays.Methods Five magnetrons are interconnected through directional couplers and coaxial lines to form a cascaded mutually coupled structure, in which an external signal is injected solely into the central magnetron to pull and control the operating frequency of the entire array via coupling paths. High-power experimental measurements were performed to systematically collect and analyze the output signals under five operating conditions, including free-running operation, mutual coupling only, and external injection at frequencies of 2.466 GHz, 2.465 GHz, and 2.464 GHz.Results The experimental results indicate that introducing an external injection signal under the mutually phase-locked condition modifies the overall frequency characteristics of the cascaded magnetron array, thereby affecting the amplitude distribution of the array output signals. Moreover, effective regulation of the output amplitude of the magnetron array can be realized by tuning the frequency and power of the injected signal. The dispersion of output amplitudes under different conditions is quantitatively characterized using the sample variance of the power spectral density peak of the output signal, and the results show that, at an injection power of 100 W, the variance decreases from 1.868 to 0.446, indicating a significant improvement in amplitude consistency.Conclusions This approach offers strong scalability and practical applicability and is well suited for coherent power combining and phase-scanning applications in large-scale magnetron array systems. -
图 3 磁控管独立工作的时域波形以及频谱图
Figure 3. Time domain waveform and spectrum diagram of magnetron operating independently
图 4 阵列被注入锁定的时域波形以及频谱图
Figure 4. The array is injected with locked time domain waveforms and spectrum diagrams
图 5 不同情况下阵列输出信号功率谱密度峰值曲线以及方差曲线图
Figure 5. Peak curves and variance curves of array output signal power spectral density under different conditions
图 6 不同注入频率及注入功率条件下输出信号功率谱密度峰值方差变化曲线
Figure 6. Variance of output signal power spectral density peaks as a function of injection frequency and injection power
表 1 样本方差计算结果
Table 1. Calculation of the sample variance
测试组别 功率谱密度峰值/(dBm) 平均值/(dBm) 样本方差 自由振荡 −9.77, −9.26, −7.06, −10.5, −10.2 −9.358 1.868 互耦合 −9.66, −8.36, −7.48, −9.23, −9.65 −8.876 0.889 注入2.466 GHz −9.54, −8.76, −8.47, −9.73, −10.2 −9.34 0.506 注入2.465 GHz −9.81, −8.68, −8.25, −9.61, −10.2 −9.31 0.663 注入2.464 GHz −9.31, −8.85, −8.41, −9.69, −10.1 −9.272 0.446 
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