面向高性能种植体的飞秒激光加工技术研究进展

何煦; 马云灿; 郭维维; 宋建业; 杨祖阁; 汪昆; 李军; 孟立民

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202638.250323

面向高性能种植体的飞秒激光加工技术研究进展

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202638.250323

1.
中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川绵阳 621900
2.
空军军医大学第三附属医院口腔颌面外科，西安 710032
3.
陆军军医大学第二附属医院口腔科，重庆 400037

基金项目: 重庆市器官智能生物制造工程研究中心开放项目（CQERC-OIBM20241013）；重庆市研究生科研创新项目（CYS25902）

详细信息

作者简介:
何　煦，hexu0320@163.com

通讯作者:
马云灿，mayuncan@caep.cn。

中图分类号: TN206
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-30
- 修回日期: 2026-02-15
- 录用日期: 2026-02-10
- 网络出版日期: 2026-03-12

Research progress on femtosecond laser processing technology for high-performance implants

1.
Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
2.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710032, China
3.
Department of Stomatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China

摘要

摘要: 钛和钛合金是口腔种植体的主流基体材料，但其固有的表面生物活性不足，常导致骨整合周期延长和成功率受限。飞秒激光加工作为一种非热的高精度表面加工或改性技术，可通过在种植体表面构建微纳结构，有效调控其生物学性能。本文综述近五年来飞秒激光改善种植体表面生物活性的研究进展。首先，阐述通过调控激光功率、中心波长、扫描策略等单一参数构筑特定表面形貌的方法；其次，介绍了飞秒激光与羟基磷灰石沉积、喷砂处理、增材制造等技术相结合的复合加工策略及其协同增强效应；然后，通过与喷砂酸蚀、电化学沉积、等离子溅射等传统表面处理技术的对比，分析飞秒激光在加工精度、热影响区控制、生物相容性及长期稳定性等方面的独特优势；最后，总结该技术当前面临的挑战（如：设备成本、加工效率等），并对未来在个性化种植体制造、多功能表面构建以及与其他先进技术融合等方面的发展方向进行展望。
- 钛 /
- 钛合金 /
- 种植体 /
- 飞秒激光 /
- 微纳结构 /
- 骨整合
Abstract: Titanium and its alloys are the predominant base materials for oral implants. However, challenges such as prolonged osseointegration periods and limited success rates persist due to their inherent low surface bioactivity. Femtosecond laser processing has emerged as an innovative, non-thermal, and high-precision surface modification technique, offering a novel approach to precisely tailor the micro-nano topography, chemical composition, and biological performance of implant surfaces. This review summarizes research advances in femtosecond laser surface treatment of titanium implants over the past five years. It systematically elaborates on methods for constructing specific surface architectures by regulating parameters such as laser power, wavelength, scanning strategies, and pulse patterns. Furthermore, it introduces hybrid processing strategies that combine femtosecond laser with techniques like hydroxyapatite deposition, sandblasting, and 3D printing, highlighting their synergistic effects. By comparing femtosecond laser processing with conventional surface treatment technologies (e.g., sandblasting and acid etching, electrochemical deposition, plasma sputtering), this paper analyzes its unique advantages in terms of processing precision, heat-affected zone, biocompatibility, and long-term stability. Finally, current challenges (e.g., equipment cost, processing efficiency) are summarized, and future development directions are proposed, including personalized implant manufacturing, multifunctional surface construction, and integration with other advanced technologies.
- titanium /
- titanium alloy /
- implant /
- femtosecond laser /
- micro-nano structure /
- osseointegration

HTML全文

图 1 调控激光功率的实验结果^[20]

Figure 1. Experimental results of laser power regulation^[20]

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图 2 调控激光波长的实验结果^[21]

Figure 2. Experimental results of laser wavelength regulation^[21]

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图 3 调控扫描速度和扫描间隔的实验结果^[22]

Figure 3. Experimental results of scanning speed and interval regulation^[22]

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图 4 调控脉冲图案的实验结果^[24]

Figure 4. Experimental results of pulse pattern regulation^[24]

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图 5 调控扫描方式的实验结果^[25]

Figure 5. Experimental results of scanning mode regulation (a: groove pattern; b: micro-hole pattern; c: directional grain pattern; d: stripe pattern; e: control group)^[25]

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图 6 飞秒激光与湿法化学结合的实验结果^[26]

Figure 6. Experimental results of combining femtosecond laser with wet chemistry^[26]

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图 7 飞秒激光与多孔钛材料工艺结合的实验结果^[27]

Figure 7. Experimental results of combining femtosecond laser with porous titanium material process^[27]

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图 8 飞秒激光与喷砂处理相结合的实验结果^[28]

Figure 8. Experimental results of combining femtosecond laser with sandblasting treatment^[28]

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图 9 飞秒激光与增材制造结合的实验结果^[29]

Figure 9. Experimental results of combining femtosecond laser with additive manufacturing^[29]

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图 10 飞秒激光与炎症处理结合的实验结果^[30]

Figure 10. Experimental results of combining femtosecond laser with inflammation treatment^[30]

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表 1 飞秒激光加工技术与其他技术对比

Table 1. Comparison of femtosecond laser processing technology with other technologies

comparison dimension	femtosecond laser	sandblasting and acid etching	alkali heat treatment	electrochemical deposition	plasma sputtering	nanosecond/picosecond laser
surface structure	micro-nano hierarchical structure	micron-scale roughness	no obvious microscopic roughness	dense coating	micron-scale roughness	micron-scale roughness
heat-affected zone	almost none	none	relatively large	relatively small	relatively small	relatively large
impurity introduction	not easy to introduce	may introduce	may introduce	may introduce ions	may introduce target impurities	not easy to introduce
adaptability to complex shapes	excellent	poor	poor	poor	requires multi-station adjustment	general
stability	excellent	good	poor	poor	good	general
biocompatibility characteristics	micro-nano structure promotes osseointegration	micron roughness increases bonding area	hydroxylation promotes ha deposition	functional coating with strong targeting	corrosion resistance	similar to femtosecond but weaker

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