Circular waveguide coupler with TM01 mode selection based on stripline synthetic network for high-power microwave applications
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摘要: 介绍了一种基于带状线合成网络的高功率微波圆波导选模耦合器，应用于X波段相对论返波管在线测量系统中。该耦合器主要由开耦合孔的主波导和带状线合成网络组成，采用带状线电桥和Schiffman移相器相结合的合成网络代替传统魔T合成网络，使选模耦合器的结构尺寸和重量得以大幅减小，同时解决了带状线合成网络在高功率微波源工作环境下的电磁兼容难题。该选模耦合器TM01模耦合度相对于TE11模高出20 dB以上，实现了仅测量TM01模式高功率微波的目的，实验中测得在线波形与辐射场波形符合良好。该耦合器主波导和合成网络可独立设计，结构简单，为在线耦合器的轻小化奠定了基础，并可拓展到其它波段耦合器设计中。
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关键词:
- 高功率微波 /
- TM01模选模圆波导耦合器 /
- 带状线 /
- 合成网络
Abstract:Background With the rapid development of high-power microwave (HPM) technology and the engineering application of relativistic backward wave oscillators, online power measurement has become a key requirement for device state monitoring.Purpose Traditional mode-selective couplers based on magic-T synthetic networks suffer from large volume, heavy weight in HPM environments, which restrict integrated application of online measurement systems.Methods This study aims to develop a miniaturized, lightweight and high-electromagnetic-compatibility mode-selective coupler for X-band HPM systems, to realize selective online measurement of the TM01 mode and suppress the interference of the TE11 mode, with goals of structural compactness and mode isolation improvement.The proposed coupler adopts a circular waveguide main transmission structure with coupling apertures and a stripline synthetic network. The conventional magic-T network is replaced by a combined topology of stripline hybrids and Schiffman phase shifters. The main waveguide and synthetic network are separately designed and optimized, and the mode coupling characteristics are adjusted by aperture parameters and stripline line dimensions.Results The coupling level of the TM01 mode is more than 20 dB higher than that of the TE11 mode. Numerical simulations and experimental tests verify that the online measured waveforms are highly consistent with the radiated field waveforms. The overall size and weight are significantly reduced, and electromagnetic compatibility in HPM environments is effectively improved, which validates the feasibility of the optimization approach.The proposed stripline synthetic network-based parameter design method effectively realizes the miniaturization and high mode selectivity of the circular waveguide mode-selective coupler.Conclusions The device has simple and compact structure, good measurement consistency and strong environmental adaptability, which can be widely used in online measurement systems of X-band relativistic devices and extended to other frequency bands, providing a reliable technical solution for power monitoring in high-power microwave. -
图 1 带四路耦合端口的主波导耦合度、隔离度曲线
Figure 1. Coupling and isolation curve of main waveguide with four coupling ports
图 2 带四路耦合端口的主波导结构示意图（每路为三孔耦合）
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the main waveguide with four coupling ports
图 3 带状线电桥,仿真耦合系数及相位差曲线
Figure 3. Stripline hybrid coupler, simulated coupling coefficient and phase difference curves
图 4 折叠带状线和移相器相位差数值模拟
Figure 4. simulation of folding stripline and second-order Schiffman phase shifter
图 5 带状线合成网络单元及仿真耦合系数及相位差曲线
Figure 5. Simulation model, coupling coefficient curve and phase difference of stripline synthetic network unit
图 6 带状线合成网络，仿真耦合系数及相位差曲线
Figure 6. Stripline synthesis network, simulated coupling coefficient, and phase difference curves
图 7 带状线合成网络实物照片及耦合系数测试曲线
Figure 7. Photograph of the stripline synthesis network and measured coupling coefficient curves
图 8 基于带状线合成网络的TM01选模圆波导选模耦合器照片
Figure 8. Photograph of the TM01 mode-selective circular waveguide coupler based on a stripline synthesis network
图 9 基于带状线合成网络的TM01选模耦合器矢网标定照片
Figure 9. Photograph of vector network analyzer calibration for the TM01 mode-selective coupler
图 10 TM01选模耦合器耦合度标定曲线
Figure 10. Calibration curve of coupling level for the TM01 mode-selective coupler
图 11 TM01选模耦合器高功率微波测试系统照片
Figure 11. Photograph of the high-power microwave testing system for the TM01 mode-selective coupler
图 12 TM01选模耦合器典型实验检波波形
Figure 12. Typical experimental detection waveform of the TM01 mode-selective coupler
表 1 带四路耦合端口的主波导尺寸参数
Table 1. Dimensional Parameters of the main waveguide with four coupling ports
D R1 R2 L R T 50 2.23 3 9.5 1.5 3.9 
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表 2 Ф50 mm圆波导中传输微波模式及数量
Table 2. Transmission modes in diameter 50 mm circular waveguide
mode number TE11 2 TM01 1 TE21 2 TE01 1 TM11 2 TE31 2
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表 3 TM01选模耦合器在不同方位测试功率差异
Table 3. Power variation of the TM01 mode-selective coupler tested at different directions
directions difference/dB east −0.18 west −0.2 down −0.25 up −0.15
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