Experimental study of electromagnetic pulse generation induced by laser interaction with solid targets on the Shenguang II upgrade facility
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摘要: 研究了神光II升级装置上，高功率激光与固体靶相互作用产生的电磁脉冲特性及机制。实验中采用皮秒与纳秒脉冲激光，分析不同打靶方式下电磁脉冲的波形与频谱特征。结果表明，皮秒脉冲激光作用下的电磁脉冲主要由流经送靶装置的中和电流产生，其峰值电场强度随激光能量近似线性增加。纳秒脉冲激光作用下，电磁脉冲强度较低，振荡电场持续时间较短，并伴随较长的准直流分量。仅使用上方8路纳秒激光时，电磁脉冲强度显著高于16路同时作用，表明激光打靶构型对电磁脉冲产生具有调制作用。皮秒激光与纳秒激光组合实验中，皮秒激光产生的电磁脉冲峰值明显减弱，推测与纳秒激光形成的大尺度等离子体有关。研究结果为高功率激光—固体靶相互作用中的电磁干扰机理分析及实验装置防护提供了重要实验依据。Abstract:
Background Electromagnetic pulses generated in high-power laser–solid interactions can cause serious electromagnetic interference and threaten diagnostic systems, making their mechanism study essential.Purpose This work aims to investigate the characteristics and generation mechanisms of electromagnetic pulses induced by picosecond and nanosecond laser irradiation on solid targets.Methods Experiments were carried out on the Shenguang II Upgrade laser facility. The temporal waveforms and frequency spectra of the emitted electromagnetic fields were measured under various pulse durations, laser energies, and irradiation geometries.Results For picosecond laser irradiation, the electromagnetic pulses mainly originated from the neutralization current flowing through the target mount, and the peak electric field increased nearly linearly with laser energy. In the nanosecond experiments, the electromagnetic pulse intensity was lower, with the electric field oscillation decaying rapidly and a quasi-DC component observed. Using only the upper eight nanosecond beams produced stronger pulses than sixteen-beam irradiation, showing a modulation. In the combined picosecond and nanosecond laser experiment, the electromagnetic pulse peak generated by the picosecond laser was significantly reduced, which is attributed to the large-scale plasma formed by the nanosecond laser.Conclusions These findings clarify the generation behavior of electromagnetic pulses and provide references for mitigating electromagnetic interference in high-power laser experiments. -
图 2 有天线（黑）与无天线（红）条件下的示波器信号对比
Figure 2. Comparison of signals with antenna (black) and without antenna (red)
图 3 ps脉冲激光与20 μm金平面靶相互作用过程中各探针测得的电场及其频谱
Figure 3. Electric fields and corresponding frequency spectra measured by different probes during the interaction of ps laser pulses with a 20 μm Au planar target
图 5 送靶装置的S11参数与实验测得的电场的频谱对照图
Figure 5. Comparison between S11 parameters and electric field spectrum
图 6 ps脉冲激光打靶时，靶室内探针1和探针2测得的EMP电场小波变换
Figure 6. Wavelet transform of the EMP electric field measured inside the target chamber during ps laser pulse irradiation
图 7 ps脉冲激光打靶时，靶室外探针5和探针6测得的EMP电场小波变换
Figure 7. Wavelet transform of the EMP electric field measured outside the target chamber during ps laser pulse irradiation
图 8 ps脉冲激光与20 μm金平面靶和
1000 μm钽平面靶相互作用时，探针1测得的EMP峰值电场随激光能量的变化Figure 8. Peak EMP electric fields measured by probe 1 during the interaction of ps laser pulses with 20 μm Au target and
1000 μm Ta target with different laser energy
图 9 ns脉冲激光实验及ps脉冲激光与ns脉冲激光组合实验示意图
Figure 9. Schematic diagrams of the ns pulse laser experiment and the combined ps-ns pulse laser experiment
表 1 1.2 m球型靶室的本征频率
Table 1. Eigenfrequencies of the 1.2 m spherical target chamber
$ {p} $ $ {{f}}_{\text{TM}} $/GHz n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4 n=5 n=6 1 0.1092 0.1540 0.1979 0.2412 0.2841 0.3267 2 0.2434 0.2961 0.3470 0.3966 0.4452 0.4930 3 0.3707 0.4263 0.4800 0.5324 0.5837 0.6342 4 0.4968 0.5539 0.6093 0.6634 0.7166 0.7688 
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