Design and experiment of modular lightning current simulation device
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摘要: 针对雷击试验对脉冲电流发生器的需求，设计并研制了模块化的雷击电流模拟装置，用于模拟产生雷电直接效应和间接效应时的电流环境。模块化雷击电流模拟装置主要由A、B、C、D四个模块构成，分别可产生雷击电流分量A初始雷击电流、分量B中间电流、分量C持续电流、分量D再击电流。基于理论分析和电路仿真对四个模块的电参数进行设计，其中模块A和模块D采用储能电容与气体开关的多支路并联放电方案，模块B采用晶闸管放电方案，模块C采用超级电容器模组与固态开关直接切断电流的方案。同时，考虑到不同场景对加载距离的不同需求，通过控制电缆参数、调波电阻以及加载腔体结构的方式使加载距离在5 m至30 m范围内可调。在此基础上，研制了模块化雷击电流模拟装置并进行了初步实验测试，其输出电流波形指标满足GJB 1389A-2005中对雷击电流波形的要求。雷击电流模拟装置集成在标准集装箱内，为不同场地下各类设备开展雷击试验提供了支持。Abstract:
Background Lightning is a transient electrical discharge that occurs during thunderstorms. The current generated by lightning can reach up to 200 kA, causing significant damage to aircraft, overhead power lines, electronic information equipment, and field military equipment. Therefore, the lightning strike test is necessary.Purpose To address the requirements of the pulse current generators in the lightning strike test, a modular device for generating the lightning current is designed and developed in this study, which is used to simulate the direct effects and indirect effects of lightning current.Methods The modular lightning current simulation device is mainly composed of four modules A, B, C, and D, which can respectively generate the component A initial lightning current, component B intermediate current, component C continuous current, and component D restrike current of the lightning current. The electrical parameters of the four modules are designed based on the theoretical analysis and the circuit simulation. Module A and Module D adopt the multi-branch parallel discharge scheme of energy storages capacitor and gas switches. The thyristor is used in module B, and module C adopts the scheme to combine the super capacitor and the solid-state switch to cut off the current directly. Considering the requirements of different scenarios for the loading distance, the loading distance can be adjusted within the range of 5 meters to 30 meters by controlling the cable parameters, wave-shaping resistance and loading chamber.Results The modular device is developed and the preliminary experimental test is carried out. The current waveform output meets the requirements of the lightning current waveform in GJB 1389A-2005. The modular device is integrated into the standard container, which provides support for the lightning strike test of various equipment in different sites.Conclusions This work designs and develops a modular lightning current simulation device through theoretical analysis, circuit simulation, and experimental testing. The device can generate the lightning current waveforms that meet the standard, which provide support for the lightning strike tests. -
图 1 雷击电流波形及地面系统雷电试验相关配置
Figure 1. Lightning current waveform and configurations of lightning strike test for ground system
图 2 模块化雷击电流模拟装置的总体设计
Figure 2. Overall design of the modular device for generating the lightning current
图 6 模块B的仿真电路图及仿真结果
Figure 6. Simulation circuit diagram and simulation results of module B
图 7 模块C的仿真电路图及仿真结果
Figure 7. Simulation circuit diagram and simulation results of module C
图 8 模块D的仿真电路图及仿真结果
Figure 8. Simulation circuit diagram and simulation results of module D
图 9 模块A和模块D在30米加载距离下的仿真电路图及仿真结果
Figure 9. Simulation circuit diagram and simulation results of module A and D at 30-meter Loading Distance
图 10 模块A和模块D的单支路及气体开关结构设计
Figure 10. Structure design of single branch and gas switch in module A and module D
图 11 雷击直接效应和间接效应试验的加载腔体设计
Figure 11. Structure design of loading chamber for direct and indirect effects tests of lightning
图 12 模块化雷击电流直/间接效应模拟装置实物图
Figure 12. Physical diagram of the modular device for simulating direct/indirect effects of lightning current
图 13 模块化雷电流模拟装置输出电流的实验结果
Figure 13. Experimental results of output current generated by the modular device
表 1 雷电间接效应波形参数
Table 1. Waveform parameters for indirect effects of lightning
current component I0/A α/s−1 β/s−1 A 218810 11354 647265 B 11300 700 2000 C 400 (0.5 s) — — D 109405 22708 1294530 
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表 2 脉冲电流发生器的电流波形指标
Table 2. Current waveform index of pulse current generator
module peak value/kA raise time (10%-90%)/μs FWHM/μs other A 200±10% 2.8±20% 68±20% action integral: 2×106 A2∙s ±20% B 4.2±10% 450±20% 2140 ±20%transport charge: 10 C C 0.4±10% — — transport charge: 200 C±20% D 100±10% 1.4±20% 34±20% action integral: 0.25×106 A2∙s ±20%
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表 3 不同工作电压下模块A的放电回路参数
Table 3. Discharge circuit parameters of module A in different voltages
voltage, U0/kV inductance, L0/nH resistance, R0/mΩ capacitance, C0/μF energy /kJ 10 72 47 1893 95 30 216 142 631 284 45 323 213 421 426 80 575 379 237 757
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表 4 单一参数发生不同偏差时的模块A输出电流波形参数
Table 4. Output current waveform parameters of module A under different deviations for a single parameter
deviation capacitance/μF inductance/nH resistance/mΩ peak value/kA raise time (10%～90%)/μs FWHM/μs C0 reduced by 5% 608 213 140 199.3 2.92 64.9 C0 increased by 5% 672 213 140 200.2 2.99 70.9 L0 reduced by 10% 640 192 140 200.5 2.69 67.9 L0 increased by 10% 640 234 140 199.0 3.19 68.2 R0 reduced by 10% 640 213 126 219.9 3.19 62.4 R0 increased by 10% 640 213 154 182.9 2.70 73.9
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表 5 多参数耦合偏差情况下的模块A输出电流波形参数
Table 5. Output current waveform parameters of module A under multi-parameter coupling deviation
serial number capacitance/μF inductance/nH resistance/mΩ peak value/kA raise time (10%～90%)/μs FWHM/μs ① 672 234 154 182.6 2.96 77.5 ② 672 192 154 183.9 2.46 76.6 ③ 672 234 126 219.6 3.46 65.1 ④ 608 234 154 182.0 2.93 70.5 ⑤ 672 192 126 221.5 2.91 64.2 ⑥ 608 192 154 183.3 2.45 69.7 ⑦ 608 234 126 218.5 3.42 59.5 ⑧ 608 192 126 220.6 2.88 58.6
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表 6 输出电流波形参数的实验结果
Table 6. Experimental results of the output current waveform parameters
module current peak value/kA raise time (10%～90%)/μs FWHM/μs other A-1 210.6 3.22 69.18 action integral: 2.28×106 A2s A-2 208.0 3.04 58.22 action integral: 1.77×106 A2s A-3 219.4 3.01 57.50 action integral: 1.93×106 A2s B-1 3.83 465 2133 transport charge: 9.7 C B-2 4.31 521 2160 transport charge: 10.4 C B-3 4.36 476 2287 transport charge: 11.5 C C-1 0.428 — — transport charge: 209.6 C C-2 0.433 — — transport charge: 214.5 C C-3 0.408 — — transport charge: 179.1 C D-1 102.1 1.56 32.62 action integral: 0.24×106 A2s D-2 108.7 1.36 28.40 action integral: 0.22×106 A2s D-3 105.0 1.41 29.02 action integral: 0.22×106 A2s
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