Research on an X-band high-transmittance radar radome structure
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摘要: 针对雷达防护外壳对电磁信号造成显著衰减的问题，提出了一种适用于浅表层探测应用的小型化高透波率频率选择表面（FSS）结构。该结构通过上下金属贴片与金属栅格的耦合构成谐振单元，在保证结构紧凑性的同时显著提升了电磁波透射性能。基于等效电路模型对其透波机理进行了分析，阐明了耦合电容增强对谐振频率降低与结构小型化的作用机制。仿真结果表明，所设计FSS结构在9.5～10.5 GHz频段内透射率稳定高于90%，其电尺寸约为工作波长的十三分之一。进一步的微波测试结果显示，实物样品在9.6～10.3 GHz范围内同样实现了90%以上的透波率，测试结果与仿真结果具有良好一致性。研究结果表明，该小型化FSS结构在实现高效透波的同时兼具结构紧凑、环境适应性强等优点，可为高频雷达系统的外罩设计提供有效参考。Abstract:
Background Radar protective enclosures often attenuate electromagnetic waves and reduce the received signal level, especially in high-frequency shallow-layer detection. This attenuation can narrow the usable bandwidth and weaken target responses in practical deployment.Purpose This study aims to design a miniaturized, high-transmittance Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) that restores transmission through an enclosure while keeping a compact unit cell for integration and manufacturing.Methods We designed a resonant unit that coupled upper and lower metal patches with a metal grid. We used an equivalent-circuit model to describe the structure and to link physical geometry to coupling capacitance and resonance. We then ran full-wave simulations to quantify transmission, bandwidth, and electrical size. We fabricated samples and measured them with microwave test equipment to verify the simulated response under realistic conditions.Results The simulations showed stable transmission above 90% across 9.5–10.5 GHz. The design achieved miniaturization, and the unit electrical size was approximately one-thirteenth of the operating wavelength. The measurements confirmed transmission above 90% across 9.6–10.3 GHz. The measured curves matched the simulated trends and resonant features, which supported the circuit-based interpretation.Conclusions The proposed miniaturized FSS provides high transmission with a compact footprint and good practical tolerance to deployment constraints. It offers a direct design reference for high-frequency radar enclosures that require both electromagnetic transparency and structural compatibility. -
图 3 各参数对传输系数的影响
Figure 3. Effect of various parameters on the transmission coefficient
表 1 频率选择表面结构参数
Table 1. Structural parameters of frequency selective surface
(mm) A B C L W H 0.8 0.1 0.3 2.5 0.1 0.1 
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表 2 现有方案性能对比
Table 2. performance comparison of existing solutions
plan structural dimensions transmittance based on square rings and crossed dipoles 1/4 92.3% wave transmission rate at 2.5～6.8 GHz dipole array 1/7 85% wave transmission rate at X-band. double Square Ring FSS 1/6 90% wave transmission rate at 30.32 GHz. this design 1/13 90% wave transmission rate at 9.5～10.5 GHz.
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