无人机微波效应研究进展

赵景涛; 曹垒; 冯溪溪; 戈弋; 陈自东; 赵刚

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202638.250450

无人机微波效应研究进展

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202638.250450

赵景涛^{1, 2,},
曹垒^{1, 2},
冯溪溪^{1, 2},
戈弋^{1, 2},
陈自东^{1, 2},
赵刚^{1, 2}

1.
中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所，四川绵阳 621999
2.
先进激光与高功率微波全国重点实验室，四川绵阳 621999

基金项目: 先进激光与高功率微波全国重点实验室基金项目（LMLB202503002）；国家自然科学基金项目（61701461、11705172）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵景涛，sduzjt@foxmail.com

中图分类号: TN97
计量
- 文章访问数: 14
- HTML全文浏览量: 7
- PDF下载量: 0
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-11
- 修回日期: 2026-02-09
- 录用日期: 2026-02-09
- 网络出版日期: 2026-03-05

Research progress on microwave effects of unmanned aerial vehicles

Zhao Jingtao^{1, 2
,},
Cao Lei^{1, 2},
Feng Xixi^{1, 2},
Ge Yi^{1, 2},
Chen Zidong^{1, 2},
Zhao Gang^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Laser and High Power Microwave, Mianyang 621999, China

摘要

摘要: 针对无人机军事威胁与民用安全风险，微波技术因具备“低成本、面杀伤、全天候”的优势，成为反无人机核心手段，其效应研究是装备研发与防护设计的基础。本文综述无人机微波效应研究进展：前门效应通过数据链、导航等子系统的有意电磁通道耦合，低噪声放大器等为敏感部件，效应阈值与频率匹配度密切相关；后门效应经外壳孔缝、电缆、PCB等无意通道耦合，电缆是主要路径，后门耦合研究仍薄弱。系统级效应呈层级化失效，阈值受无人机型号、微波参数及姿态影响。当前研究存在耦合机制“黑匣子”、方法碎片化、防护衔接不足等问题。未来需突破多路径协同耦合建模、复杂场景评估及反制-防护协同技术。本文为该领域研究提供系统性参考，支撑反无人机装备研发与无人机安全应用。
- 无人机 /
- 微波 /
- 微波效应 /
- 反无人机
Abstract: Background
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) pose significant military threats and civil security risks, and microwave technology has become a core counter-UAV means due to its low cost, area-effect engagement, and all-weather capability. Research on UAV microwave effects is the foundation for counter-UAV equipment development and protection design.
Purpose
This paper aims to systematically review the research progress of UAV microwave effects, clarify existing challenges, and provide directional references for future studies.
Methods
By combing through domestic and foreign relevant research, this review summarizes the characteristics of different microwave effects, analyzes key influencing factors, and sorts out current research limitations and development trends.
Results
Front-door effects involve coupling through intentional electromagnetic channels (e.g., data links) with low-noise amplifiers as sensitive components, and thresholds are related to frequency matching; back-door effects rely on unintentional channels (e.g., cables, housing gaps) with cables as the main path, but relevant research is insufficient; system-level effects show hierarchical failure, affected by UAV models, microwave parameters, and attitudes. Current research faces “black box” coupling mechanisms, fragmented methods, and inadequate connection with protection design.
Conclusions
Future research should focus on multi-path collaborative coupling modeling, complex scenario assessment, and countermeasure-protection collaborative technologies. This review provides a systematic reference for the field, supporting counter-UAV equipment development and safe UAV application.
- UAV /
- microwave /
- microwave effect /
- counter-UAV

HTML全文

图 1 典型无人机飞控外围硬件连接图及耦合方式示意图

Figure 1. Typical UAV flight control peripheral hardware connection diagram and coupling method illustration

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 无人机数据链的电磁敏感度注入效应试验配置图及不同工作信号强度下的敏感度阈值曲线^[19]

Figure 2. Electromagnetic sensitivity injection effect test configuration diagram and the sensitivity threshold curves of UAV data link^[19]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 飞行日志读取的HPM脉冲作用前后电机转速及PWM信号变化^[54]

Figure 3. The motor speed and PWM signal changes before and after the application of HPM pulses from the flight log^[54]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 无人机多路径微波耦合机制示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of multi-path microwave coupling mechanism for unmanned aerial vehicles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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