Application of compact torus injection system based on pulse high-power technology
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摘要: 针对未来聚变堆芯部加料困难这一关键问题，本研究开展了基于脉冲高功率技术的紧凑环（Compact Torus, CT）注入系统加料实验。CT是一类具有自组织磁场约束特性的高密度等离子体团，其特性使其成为聚变装置实现芯部加料的理想载体，而CT注入系统是以该类等离子体团为核心的新型加料装置。该系统以脉冲高功率电源为驱动源，通过在同轴电极内产生稳定的CT等离子体并进行二次加速，形成可长距离稳定传输的高密度等离子体团。系统放电测试结果显示，CT放电电流峰值为300 kA，平均电子密度为$ 1.2\times {10}^{22}{\text{ m}}^{-3} $，速度为220 km/s且通过诊断验证打出的等离子体团具备稳定的球马克磁场结构。在EAST托卡马克加料实验中，结果表明CT注入后等离子体储能增加了18%，等离子体密度抬升了22%，等离子体密度抬升速率为$ 0.4\times {10}^{20}{\text{ m}}^{-3}{\text{s}}^{-1} $，加料效率为39%。通过与普通注气和超声分子束进行对比分析，发现CT注入的单次注入中在注入粒子数、加料效率和粒子约束时间均表现更优。Abstract:
Background To address the challenge of achieving central fueling in future fusion reactors, this study carried out fueling experiments on the Compact Torus (CT) injection system based on pulse high-power technology. A CT is a high-density plasma blob with self-organized magnetic confinement, and its characteristics make it an ideal carrier for central fueling in fusion devices.Purpose The CT injection system is a novel fueling device centered on such plasma blobs. Driven by a pulsed high-power power supply, the system generates stable CT plasma within coaxial electrodes, which undergoes secondary acceleration to form a high-density plasma blob capable of long-distance stable propagation.Methods System discharge tests show that the peak discharge current of CT is 300 kA, the average electron density is $ 1.2\times {10}^{22}{\text{ m}}^{-3} $, the velocity is 220 km/s, and it has a stable spheromak structure.Results When applied to the EAST tokamak experiment, the results indicate that after CT injection, the plasma stored energy increases by 18%, the plasma density rises by 22%, and the plasma density rise rate is $ 0.4\times {10}^{20}{\text{ m}}^{-3}{\text{s}}^{-1} $, and attains a fueling efficiency of 39%.Conclusions Comparative studies with conventional gas puffing (GP) and supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) reveal that CT injection outperforms these techniques in terms of injected particle number, fueling efficiency, and particle confinement time during single-shot injections.-
Key words:
- high pulse power /
- compact torus /
- plasma /
- tokamak /
- central fueling
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图 5 CT环向和极向磁场的径向分布
Figure 5. Radial distribution of the CT toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields
图 6 EAST紧凑环注入系统的安装位置及实物图
Figure 6. Installation location and physical images of the EAST-CTI system
图 7 CT注入过程中EAST参数的时间演化
Figure 7. The temporal evolution of the EAST parameters during the CT injection process
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