Numerical simulation method for thermal blooming effect in atmospheric propagation of supercontinuum laser
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摘要: 超连续谱激光因其宽光谱特性在光电对抗中具有较大应用潜力。本文基于光波传播的Maxwell波动方程和大气热吸收流体运动方程，提出了一种超连续谱激光大气传输热晕效应的数值仿真方法，该方法考虑了超连续谱激光不同波长成分大气吸收和衰减效应的差异性，结合超连续谱激光光源的光谱分布和大气辐射传输原理，构建了可表征各波长成分大气吸收累积热效应的热晕相位屏，并采用多层相位屏傅里叶变换和多波长非相干叠加的求解方法，建立了超连续谱大气传输热晕效应的数值仿真模型。通过对比已有单波长激光大气传输热晕效应的理论结果，验证了仿真模型的可靠性。基于数值仿真模型，对不同发射功率的超连续谱激光大气传输热晕效应进行了初步仿真，计算了超连续谱激光大气传输的典型到靶光强分布、质心偏移量、Strehl比和能量分布曲线等参数，得出超连续谱激光特殊光强分布以及一些光束特性。本文提出的数值方法为高功率超连续谱激光大气传输热晕效应的研究提供了研究基础。Abstract:
Background The propagation of high-power lasers through the atmosphere is subject to thermal blooming effects, which arise from wavelength-dependent atmospheric absorption and subsequent refractive index perturbations. Supercontinuum lasers, characterized by broad spectral bandwidths, introduce additional complexity due to differential absorption and attenuation across their spectral components.Purpose This study aims to develop a numerical simulation method for the thermal blooming effect during atmospheric propagation of supercontinuum lasers, with particular focus on accounting for the differential atmospheric absorption and attenuation across various wavelengths within the supercontinuum spectrum.Methods Based on Maxwell’s wave equations for light propagation and the fluid dynamics equations for atmospheric thermal absorption, a numerical simulation model was established using a multi-layer phase screen Fourier transform method and a multi-wavelength incoherent superposition approach. A thermal blooming phase screen was constructed by integrating the spectral distribution of the supercontinuum laser source with principles of atmospheric radiative transfer to characterize the cumulative thermal effects from atmospheric absorption at each wavelength component. The reliability of the simulation model was verified by comparing its results with existing theoretical outcomes for single-wavelength laser atmospheric thermal blooming.Results Using the proposed numerical simulation model, preliminary simulations were conducted on the atmospheric thermal blooming effects of supercontinuum lasers at different emission powers. Key parameters such as typical on-target intensity distribution, centroid offset, Strehl ratio, and energy distribution curves for atmospheric propagation were calculated. The results reveal the unique intensity distribution and certain beam characteristics of the supercontinuum laser.Conclusions The numerical method proposed in this paper provides a foundational research tool for studying the thermal blooming effects in high-power supercontinuum laser atmospheric propagation. -
图 1 超连续谱激光大气传输热晕效应仿真流程图
Figure 1. Simulation flowchart of thermal blooming effect in atmospheric propagation of supercontinuum laser
图 3 超连续谱激光SC在400～
2500 nm范围内的归一化光谱分布Figure 3. Normalized spectral distribution of the supercontinuum (SC) laser within the 400～
2500 nm range
图 4 400～
2500 nm超连续谱激光水平传输1～50 km的大气总透过率分布Figure 4. Total atmospheric transmittance distribution for a 400-
2500 nm supercontinuum laser over a 1～50 km horizontal propagation path
图 5 不同波长与功率下的激光光斑分布：(a)-(c)
3000 W功率，波长400 nm、1064 nm、2500 nm；(d)-(f)5000 W功率，波长400 nm、1064 nm、2500 nm；(g)-(i)10000 W功率，波长400 nm、1064 nm、2500 nmFigure 5. Laser spots at wavelengths of 400,
1064 , and2500 nm under powers of3000 ,5000 , and10000 W
图 6 (a),(b),(c)
3000 W,5000 W,10000 W超连续谱激光光斑分布Figure 6. Laser spot distribution of
3000 W,5000 W, and10000 W supercontinuum lasers
图 7 不同功率条件下，单波长激光(
1064 nm)的远场光斑分布(a)3000 W; (b)5000 W; (c)10000 WFigure 7. Far-field spot distributions of single-wavelength laser (
1064 nm) under different power conditions (a)3000 W; (b)5000 W; (c)10000 W
图 8 5000W各波长激光能量分布曲线图
Figure 8. Energy distribution curve of
5000 W laser at various wavelengths表 1 CART仿真参数表
Table 1. CART simulation parameters
parameter name value parameter name value atmospheric model mid-latitude summer aerosol type rural horizontal visibility range 1～50 km observation height 1 km horizontal transmission distance 1 km spectral sampling interval 1 nm 
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表 2 仿真参数表
Table 2. Simulation parameters
parameter name value parameter name value emitter aperture 40 mm wind speed 5 m/s light field sampling points 512×512
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表 3 质心偏移量
Table 3. Centroid displacement
laser power/W centroid displacement SC laser/nm 400 nm 1064 nm2500 nm3000 3.592 3.532 3.348 3.515 5000 5.496 5.469 5.040 5.463 10000 8.891 8.336 8.099 8.208
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表 4 Strehl比
Table 4. Strehl ratio
laser power/W Strehl ratio SC laser/nm 400 nm 1064 nm2500 nm3000 0.0800 0.3513 0.2828 0.1849 5000 0.0096 0.1579 0.2008 0.0647 10000 0.0061 0.0736 0.1023 0.0421
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