脉冲充电下多间隙气体开关击穿特性研究

袁嘉蔚; 姜晓峰; 降宏瑜; 王志国; 孙凤举; 吴臻; 魏浩; 邱爱慈

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202638.250494

脉冲充电下多间隙气体开关击穿特性研究

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202638.250494

袁嘉蔚^{1, 2,},
姜晓峰^2, ,,
降宏瑜^{1, 2},
王志国²,
孙凤举²,
吴臻²,
魏浩²,
邱爱慈²

1.
西安交通大学电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室，西安 710049
2.
西北核技术研究所，强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应全国重点实验室，西安 710024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(52577182);

详细信息

作者简介:
袁嘉蔚，yuanjw0404@163.com

通讯作者:
姜晓峰，jiangxiaofeng@nint.ac.cn。

中图分类号: TM89
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- 文章访问数: 20
- HTML全文浏览量: 13
- PDF下载量: 4
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-11-12
- 修回日期: 2026-03-30
- 录用日期: 2026-03-05
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-20

Study on breakdown characteristics of multi-gap gas switch under pulsed conditions

Yuan Jiawei^{1, 2
,},
Jiang Xiaofeng^{2
, ,},
Jiang Hongyu^{1, 2},
Wang Zhiguo²,
Sun Fengju²,
Wu Zhen²,
Wei Hao²,
Qiu Aici²

1.
State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China

摘要

摘要: 快直线型变压器驱动源中气体开关数量庞大，充电过程中开关发生自放电会对驱动源造成严重影响。将原本数十秒的充电过程缩短到数十至数百微秒，使开关耐压时间减少，有望降低开关发生自放电的概率。本文利用谐振电路在开关上产生前沿可调的电压脉冲，设计并搭建了脉冲充电气体开关实验平台，实验研究了脉冲充电方式下用于LTD的多间隙气体开关击穿特性。结果表明：脉冲充电条件下，气体开关的自击穿电压平均值均高于相同条件下直流自击穿电压平均值。脉冲前沿为140 μs时，四间隙气体开关自击穿电压在0.05～0.15 MPa气压条件下提高了10%～30%，分散性也提升5%～10%。触发放电特性与直流情况相似，65%～75%工作系数下开关触发延时和抖动结果基本相同。90%工作系数下进行5000 余次脉冲充电考核，开关自击穿概率与威布尔拟合结果基本吻合。按照分布模型估算60%工作系数下开关自放电概率可降低至10⁻⁶。
- 直线变压器驱动源 /
- 气体开关 /
- 脉冲充电 /
- 自放电概率
Abstract: Background
The fast linear transformer driver (FLTD) is a pulsed power technology route that is developing rapidly worldwide at present. The fast linear transformer driver contains a large number of gas switches. Self discharge of switches during charging causes severe iMPacts on the driver.
Purpose
Shortening the original charging process from tens of seconds to tens to hundreds of microseconds reduces the withstand voltage time of switches, lowering the pre-fire rate.
Methods
In this paper, a resonant circuit is used to generate pulse voltages with adjustable front edges on gas switches, an experimental platform for gas switches under pulse charging mode is designed and built, and the breakdown characteristics of multi-gap gas switches used in LTD under pulse charging mode are experimentally studied.
Results
Results show that under pulse charging conditions, the average self-breakdown voltage of gas switches is higher than that under DC charging conditions with the same parameters. The trigger discharge characteristics are similar to those under DC conditions. The switch trigger delay and jitter results are basically the same under the operating coefficient of 65%–75%. After more than 5 000 pulse charging tests under the 90% operating coefficient, the pre-fire rate of the switch is basically consistent with the Weibull fitting results. According to the distribution model, the pre-fire rate can be reduced to 10⁻⁶ under the 60% operating coefficien
Conclusions
Experiments verify the effect of pulse charging on improving the reliability of gas switches. In this charging mode, the self-breakdown voltage is increased and the pre-fire rate is reduced, which lays a foundation for the feasibility of applying pulse charging technology in LTD modules.
- linear transformer drive /
- gas switch /
- pulse charging /
- pre-fire rate

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图 1 开关实验放电回路图

Figure 1. Circuit diagram of the switch experiment discharge

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图 2 四间隙气体开关自击穿电压分布

Figure 2. Self-breakdown voltage distribution of the four-gap gas switch

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图 3 不同间隙开关自击穿电压分布

Figure 3. Self-breakdown voltage distribution of switches with different gaps

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图 4 不同电极材料开关自击穿特性

Figure 4. Self-breakdown characteristics of switch with different electrode materials

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图 5 不同脉冲前沿开关自击穿特性

Figure 5. Self-breakdown characteristics of switches with different pulse fronts

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图 6 不同气压开关自击穿特性随脉冲前沿变化规律

Figure 6. Variation law of self-breakdown with different pulse fronts

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图 7 脉冲充电与直流充电触发延时

Figure 7. Trigger delay of pulse charging and DC charging

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表 1 四间隙气体开关自击穿电压特性

Table 1. Self-breakdown voltage characteristics of the four-gap gas switch

air pressure /MPa	voltage dispersion/kV	average voltage/kV	the portion higher than DC charging/%
0	6.21	55.05	26.9
0.05	6.41	67.63	17.5
0.1	6.85	81.60	12.2
0.15	5.03	93.08	12.6

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表 2 不同气压下开关触发延时和抖动

Table 2. Trigger delay and jitter under different pressure

air pressure/MPa	trigger delay/ns	jitter/ns	operating coefficient/%
0.15	28.81	0.78	97.5
0.2	32.28	1.18	84.3
0.22	34.33	1.39	79.9
0.25	37.91	2.07	74.2
0.28	39.44	1.78	69.3
0.3	40.49	2.16	66.3%
0.35	43.82	2.30	59.9

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