图  1  三种不同机制的激光驱动伽马射线源的实验示意图

Figure  1.  Schematic diagram of three different mechanisms for experiments on laser-driven gamma-ray sources

图  2  两种不同的实验方案^[21]

Figure  2.  Two different experimental geometries for all-optical scattering^[21]

图  3  几种典型的激光驱动X/$ \gamma $射线源能谱及其拟合结果

Figure  3.  Various energy spectra and fitting results of typical laser-driven X/γ-ray sources

图  4  文献[21]报道的高阶多光子效应

Figure  4.  Effect of high-order multi-photon scattering reported in Ref. [21]

图  5  双光束平台的实验布局不同加速长度或等离子体密度下电子束的诊断结果及国际上相关的实验进展主导机制

Figure  5.  Experimental setup of the dual-beam platform, diagnosis results of the electron beam with different acceleration lengths or plasma densities (from b1 to b5, the corresponding plasma densities are 2.4×$ {10}^{18} $, 2×$ {10}^{18} $, 2×$ {10}^{18} $, 2×$ {10}^{18} $ and 3.6×$ {10}^{18} $ $ {\text{cm}}^{-3} $, respectively, with acceleration lengths of 10, 9.5, 9, 8 and 8 mm) and the relevant international experimental progress (the solid-colored sections represent experiments that have been completed or are currently planned, while the hollow elliptical regions correspond to the parameter ranges associated with the three phases discussed in Ref.[45], the ranges corresponding to the classical radiation-dominated regime (CRDR) and the quantum radiation-dominated regime (QRDR) are indicated)

图  6  对撞实验布局及不同激光模式下的γ射线角分布

Figure  6.  Experimental setup and angular distribution of γ rays under different colliding laser configurations

图  7  文献[60]报道的利用超短脉冲激光在尾场加速产生的相对论电子生成轫致辐射的实验设置

Figure  7.  Experimental setup reported in Ref. [60] for generating bremsstrahlung radiation from relativistic electrons produced by LWFA using ultrashort pulsed lasers

图  8  激光驱动轫致辐射伽马射线的能谱测量、模拟及高能成像结果

Figure  8.  Experimental and simulated energy spectra of gamma-ray beams with typical imaging profiles

图  9  Betatron振荡的物理原理示意图^[69]

Figure  9.  Schematic diagram of the physical principle of Betatron radiation^[69]

图  10  Betatron X射线能谱^[83]及测量的类同步辐射和康普顿散射光子谱^[85]

Figure  10.  Betatron X-ray energy spectrum^[83] and measured synchrotron-like and compton-scattered photon spectra^[85]

图  11  两级激光等离子体加速器产生高亮度伽马射线的示意图及数值模拟结果

Figure  11.  Schematic diagram and simulation results of brilliant gamma-rays generated from a two-stage laser-plasma accelerator

图  12  康普顿反冲电子谱仪整体结构图及模拟得到的不同能量电子束在磁场中的运动轨迹^[103]

Figure  12.  Overall structural diagram of the Compton backscattering electron spectrometer and simulated trajectories of electron beams at different energies in the magnetic field^[103]

图  13  高能伽马能谱仪的粒子空间通量分布及重建光子谱

Figure  13.  Spatial flux distributions of particles and reconstructed photon spectrum for the high-energy gamma-ray spectrometer

图  14  康普顿偏振仪的极化诊断实验结果

Figure  14.  Polarization diagnosis results using the Compton polarimeter