Study on parallel operation of low-impedance rod-pinch diodes for flash X-ray radiography
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摘要: X射线闪光照相技术是获取高速演化过程中瞬态密度分布信息的有效手段，在材料物理、爆轰物理等领域具有重要应用价值。由脉冲放电驱动的杆箍缩二极管具有焦斑尺寸小、亮度高、位置固定等优势，是X射线闪光照相的经典负载构型之一。本文探究金属丝短接的低阻抗杆箍缩二极管在双负载并联驱动模式下，使用单一电脉冲获得双X射线源的可行性。实验结果表明，并联负载间电流分配与出光时序受金属丝质量调控；驱动参数相同的双负载时获得了同步且剂量均匀的双X射线源，可用于双轴同步成像；使用不同参数负载获得了幅间70 ns的双脉冲X射线，适用于分幅成像；实验还通过负载与可调电感的并联驱动，获得了一定范围内的金属丝质量和驱动条件下负载出光时序经验规律与电参数特性。此外，本文建立了金属丝短接的杆箍缩二极管负载的电路等效模型，电路模拟计算结果与实验测量吻合良好，为负载金属丝电爆炸等离子体动力学研究及负载的应用与传输匹配设计提供了参考依据。Abstract:
Background Flash X-ray radiography is an effective means to obtain the transient density information of an object undergoing high-speed evolution, which is of critical importance in material physics, detonation physics and weapon design. A rod-pinch diode driven by pulsed power is one of the most iconic load configurations in the field of flash X-ray radiography, for its X-ray spot with small size, high dose and fixed position.Purpose This paper aims to investigate the parallel driven mode of low-impedance wire-shorted rod-pinch diodes as a potential technical approach for synchronous multi-axial and quasi-coaxial multi-frame X-ray radiography, and to characterize the load electrical properties over a wide range of driving currents.Methods Through experimental trials on a four-stage linear transformer pulsed power driver and circuit simulations in Ansys Simplorer, the X-ray characteristics and electrical performance of the loads are systematically evaluated.Results Experiments show that the current distribution and the X-ray burst timing can be adjusted by the wire mass. The parallel loads with identical configurations give two X-ray bursts that are synchronous in time and even in dose, which can be used for dual-axial radiography; while the parallel loads with different wire mass give two sequenced X-ray bursts separated by 70 ns, which is suitable for double-frame radiography. Compared with the use of multiple independent pulsed power sources, this technical approach can significantly reduce costs; and compared with the scheme of driving a single load with multiple pulses to achieve multi-frame X-ray output, it features a simpler driving configuration and weaker mutual interference between sequenced pulses. In addition, this paper presents equivalent circuit models for the wire-shorted rod-pinch diode load, the circuit simulation coupling the pulsed power driver and the load gives calculation results consistent with the experimental measurements, further corroborating the conclusions on the plasma dynamics of exploding wire in the load and facilitating the application of the load.Conclusion In conclusion, the parallel operation mode of low-impedance wire-shorted rod-pinch diodes is demonstrated to be an effective approach for multi-frame or multi-axial flash X-ray radiography, and the circuit model further provides predictive capability for load optimization, supporting its application in advanced radiographic diagnostics.-
Key words:
- flash radiography /
- multi-frame /
- hard X-ray /
- rod-pinch diode /
- pulsed power
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图 3 使用相同负载参数的X射线双轴同步出光
Figure 3. Synchronous dual-axial flash X-ray radiography from WS-RPDs with identical parameters
图 4 双轴同步X射线焦斑的针孔像（7 mm铝滤片，轴向放大比0.765，径向1.552）
Figure 4. Pinhole images of the synchronous dual-axial X-ray sources after 7 mm Al filter, with magnification ratio of 0.765 (axial) and 1.552 (radial)
图 5 使用不同金属丝配置负载的二分幅X射线出光
Figure 5. Double-frame quasi-coaxial flash X-ray radiography from WS-RPDs with different wire mass
图 7 WS-RPD出光时序（t*）关于电流（Imax@τ）与金属丝直径（d）的统计规律
Figure 7. Empirical relationship between current (Imax@τ), wire diameter (d) and X-ray burst timing (t*) of a WS-RPD
图 8 WS-RPD出光时刻t*的阻抗与等效阴阳极间隙
Figure 8. Impedance and equivalent anode-cathode gap dimension of WS-RPD at t*
图 9 并联负载区的电路计算模型（0～tend）
Figure 9. The circuit model of parallel-driven load section (0～tend)
图 11 并联分幅负载的电路计算模型（0～tend）
Figure 11. The circuit model of parallel-driven loads for double-frame X-rays (0～tend)
图 12 并联分幅负载的电路计算结果
Figure 12. The circuit calculation results of parallel driven loads for double-frame X-rays
表 1 不同滤片后光源辐射剂量
Table 1. Doses of X-ray sources behind different filters
X-ray source
(and measurement location)Al filter thickness/mm dose/mrad@1m (LiF) measurement deviation/% X-ray source 1 (radial) 2 112.2 ±7.4 X-ray source 2 (radial) 2 109.6 ±5.1 Total dose (axial) 2 247.4 −6.4～+6.9 X-ray source 1 (radial) 3 61.4 ±3.1 X-ray source 2 (radial) 3 72.0 ±0.6 X-ray source 1 (radial) 4 60.0 ±4.6 X-ray source 2 (radial) 4 69.1 ±1.3 
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