Abstract:
Background Ultrashort and ultraintense laser-driven plasma X-ray sources offer femtosecond pulse durations, intrinsic spatiotemporal synchronization, compactness, and cost-effectiveness, serving as an important complement to traditional large-scale light sources and providing novel experimental tools for ultrafast dynamics research.
Purpose Built upon the Synthetic Extreme Condition User Facility (SECUF), the first open-access user experimental station in China based on high-power femtosecond lasers was established to deliver various types of ultrafast radiation sources, supporting studies on ultrafast material dynamics and frontier strong-field physics.
Methods The station is equipped with a dual-beam titanium-sapphire laser system (3 TW/100 Hz and PW/1 shot/min) and multiple beamlines with multifunctional target chambers. Through interactions between the laser and solid targets, gas targets, or plasmas, various ultrafast light sources—such as Kα X-ray, Betatron radiation, and inverse Compton scattering—are generated. Platforms for strong-field terahertz pump–X-ray probe (TPXP) experiments and tabletop epithermal neutron resonance spectroscopy have also been developed.
Results A highly stable ultrafast X-ray diffraction and TPXP platform was successfully established, enabling direct observation of strong-field terahertz-induced phase transition in VO2. The world’s first tabletop high-resolution epithermal neutron resonance spectroscopy device was developed. On the PW beamline, hundred-millijoule-level intense terahertz radiation, efficient inverse Compton scattering, and high-charge electron beams were achieved.
Conclusions Integrating high-performance lasers, diverse radiation sources, and advanced diagnostic platforms, this experimental station provides a flexible and efficient comprehensive facility for ultrafast science, promising to advance ultrafast dynamics research toward broader accessibility and more cutting-edge directions.
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