Abstract: This paper briefly reviews the series of works carried out by the research team from the Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, based on the Xingguang-III and Shenguang-II Upgrade laser facilities, in the field of laser-driven neutron source generation and applications. In terms of generation mechanisms, it highlights explorations of several technical approaches, including enhancing photo-nuclear neutron production efficiency through novel target design, increasing neutron yield based on the target normal sheath acceleration mechanism, and obtaining high-quality neutron sources via collisionless electrostatic shock acceleration. On the application front, preliminary experimental studies have been conducted in areas such as fast neutron radiography, material radiation effects, and nuclear material detection, demonstrating the potential application value of such neutron sources as short-pulse, high-flux sources. With continuous advancements in laser technology and ongoing optimization of generation mechanisms, this new type of neutron source is expected to play an increasingly important role in basic scientific research, nuclear energy technology development, and industrial applications, providing new research tools and technical support for the development of related disciplines.