基于快循环同步加速器的闪疗束流配送系统

Design and validation of a proton beam line based on a rapid-cycling synchrotron for Flash radiation

  • 摘要: 为了实现超高剂量率的质子Flash照射,基于快循环同步加速器建立了一个束流配送系统。快循环同步加速器能够在数百ns内快速引出质子束,通过改变不同的引出时间引出不同能量的束流,从而实现能量的快速切换。基于这个特性,考虑与层叠加照射方式相结合,束流的瞬时剂量率可以达到107 Gy/s。靶区在纵向上分成单独的层,每一层需要不同的能量。由于能量层切换的时间非常短,射程调制轮无法满足需求,选用纹波过滤器进行射程调制。使用蒙特卡罗软件FLUKA模拟了整个装置,包括了散射片,射程补偿器,纹波过滤器和准直器,最大化提高进入靶区的质子通量。在低、中、高三个能量区域,根据原始布拉格峰曲线设计了3种尺寸的纹波过滤器,将尖峰区域扩展成高斯分布,分别提供了2、6、13 cm宽度的3个扩展布拉格峰区域,有效减少了能量层数量,缩短了整体照射时间。将快循环同步加速器与层叠加的照射方式相结合,可以获得超高瞬时剂量率的照射野,为实现Flash照射提供了一种新的方法。

     

    Abstract: We have designed a proton beamline based on a rapid-cycling synchrotron for Flash radiation with ultra-high dose rate. Because proton beams can be extracted within hundreds of nanoseconds in the rapid-cycling synchrotron, its energy can be altered from one cycle to the next with different extraction time. The intended beamline system can achieve layer stacking irradiation at an instantaneous dose rate of 107 Gy/s. Each longitudinal layer requires a different beam intensity. The target is divided longitudinally into different layers, each of which needs a different beam energy, to produce a uniform irradiation field. The system, including a double scatter system, a range compensator, a ripple filter, and a multi-leaf collimator to maximize proton fluence into the target, is simulated using the Monte Carlo software FLUKA. Three different kinds of ripple filters are built for the low, medium, and high energy zones based on the original Bragg peaks to reduce the number of energy layers and shorten the total irradiation duration. These filters transform the spike region into a Gaussian distribution with flat expansion areas of 2 cm, 6 cm, and 20 cm, respectively. Combining the rapid-cycling synchrotron with the layer stacking irradiation provides a novel method for achieving Flash proton irradiation, which delivers an ultra-high dose rate to the target.

     

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