Abstract: Gamma rays, as electromagnetic waves with extremely high energy and exceptional penetrating power, play an irreplaceable role in numerous frontier fields including nuclear physics, astrophysics, high-energy physics, healthcare, and materials science. Advancements in ultra-intense, ultra-short laser technology have enabled breakthrough progress in laser-driven novel gamma-ray sources. Schemes based on laser-plasma interactions can generate high-brightness, collimated femtosecond-scale ultra-short pulse gamma rays, while also exhibiting significant advantages in compact device design. This paper systematically analyzes the physical mechanisms of laser-driven gamma radiation in the range of hundreds of keV to tens of MeV. It focuses on the characteristics of three primary generation mechanisms: inverse Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung, and betatron radiation. The paper reviews major research advances in China within this field and diagnostic techniques. Research indicates that by optimizing laser-matter interaction parameters, the brightness, pulse width, and energy spectrum characteristics of gamma rays can be effectively controlled.