Abstract:
The Low Energy High Intensity High Charge State Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (LEAF) is a national scientific instrument developed by the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, to provide high-current, high-charge-state, full-spectrum low-energy heavy ion beams for interdisciplinary studies. To meet research needs in nuclear astrophysics, atomic and molecular physics, and nuclear materials, LEAF offers tunable energies from 0.3 to 0.7 MeV/u and supports continuous-wave acceleration for ions with with a mass-to-charge ratio ranging from 2−7. This paper presents an overview of the construction progress, key design parameters, and operational performance of the facility, summarizing recent achievements and outlining future development goals. The paper introduces the system architecture—comprising the 45 GHz superconducting ECR ion source FECR, RFQ, IH-DTL, and terminal beamlines—and describes beam commissioning and diagnostic approaches. LEAF has successfully achieved stable acceleration of multi-species, high-charge-state heavy ion beams with intensities up to 1 emA. It has delivered more than
13000 h of beam time, realized efficient operation of “cocktail”multi-ion beams, and established a high-current, low-energy-spread
12C
2+ beamline for precise reaction measurements in the Gamow window. These results verify LEAF’s excellent beam quality and operational reliability. Planned upgrades—including an extended energy tuning range and triple-ion beam capability—will further enhance its role as a frontier platform for experimental studies in nuclear astrophysics and radiation effects in advanced materials.