Abstract:
Background Pinhole cameras based on the principle of pinhole imaging are widely used in high-energy-density physics experiments to monitor laser-target interaction regions. However, traditional pinhole cameras often suffer from signal acquisition failures due to the lack of online aiming capability, especially for small targets such as wire targets in facilities like the Xingguang-Ⅲ laser system.
Purpose This study aims to develop an X-ray online-aiming pinhole camera for the Xingguang-Ⅲ laser facility to address the challenge of precise target alignment under vacuum conditions and enhance the reliability of signal acquisition.
Methods An integrated design combining a visible-light CCD and an X-ray CCD was implemented. A revolver-type pinhole adjustment device was developed to switch between aiming apertures and imaging pinholes with a concentricity error below 3.5 µm. High-precision two-dimensional pointing adjustments (pitch and tilt) were achieved using a motorized stage, with a targeting accuracy of 15 µm. The visible-light CCD enabled real-time target imaging, while different aperture sizes on a precision adjustment disk facilitated coarse-to-fine aiming.
Results The camera was tested on the Xingguang-Ⅲ laser facility using a Cu planar target irradiated by a picosecond laser. Clear X-ray spot images were obtained, with a peak intensity of 52 040 and a background noise of approximately 2 500. The full width at half maximum of the spot was 43 µm horizontally and 38 µm vertically, confirming successful online aiming and imaging performance.
Conclusions The developed X-ray online-aiming pinhole camera fulfills the operational requirements of the Xingguang-Ⅲ laser facility. It enables real-time, high-precision target alignment under vacuum, significantly improving the success rate of signal acquisition in high-energy-density physics experiments.
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